Types of Physical Therapy

There are many specialty areas in the field of physical therapy. Although these areas are well known throughout the profession, it is often overlooked by the general public. Here is a brief description of the most common specialty areas in physical therapy and find out which is most appropriate for you or your family member.

Orthopedic physical therapy

It is the diagnosis, management, and treatment for disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system as well as rehabilitation of patients’ post-orthopedic surgery. This specialty is most often found in the out-patient clinical setting. Orthopedic therapists are trainied in the treatment of post-operative joints, acute sports injuries, arthritis, and amputations just to name a few.

Common modalities used to expedite recovery are joint mobilization, strength training, hot and cold packs, and electrical stimulation. Those who have suffered injury or disease affecting the muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons of the body would benefit from assessment by a physical therapist specialized in orthopedics.

Geriatric physical therapy

This area covers a wide area of issues concerning people as they go through normal adult aging, but is usually focused on the older adult. There are many conditions that affect people as they grow older and that includes (but not limited to) arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, hip and join replacement, balance disorders, and incontinence.

Geriatric physical therapy helps those affected with such problems in developing a specialized program to help restore mobility, reduce pain, increase fitness levels, and more.

Neurological physical therapy

This is a discipline focused on working with individuals who have a neurological disorder or disease. These include Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, brain injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, and stroke.

Common problems of patients with such disorders include paralysis, vision impairment, poor balance, inability to ambulate, and loss of functional independence. Therapists work with patients to improve these areas of dysfunction.

Cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation

CPR therapists treat a wide variety of patients with cardio-pulmonary disorders or those who have had cardiac or pulmonary surgery. Primary goals of this specialty include increasing patient endurance and functional independence.

Manual therapy is utilized in this field to assist in clearing lung secretions experienced in patients with cystic fibrosis. Patients with disorders including heart attacks, post-coronary bypass surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis are only a few examples of those who would benefit from this.

Pediatric physical therapy

It is the assistance in early detection of health problems and uses a wide variety of modalities to treat disorders in the pediatric population. These therapists are specialized in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infants, children, and adolescents with a variety of congenital, developmental, neuromuscular, skeletal, or acquired disorders or diseases.

Treatments focus on improving gross and fine motor skills, balance and coordination, strength, and endurance as well as cognitive and sensory processing/ integration. Patients include children with developmental delays, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and torticollis.

Sports Physical Exams

Playing sports is a fun way to keep us fit and to meet people. We all know this. But what many of us do not know is the importance of a sports physical exam that we may have to take before participating in sports. Also called as preparticipation physical examination (PPE), sports physicals help determine whether it is safe for your kid to participate in certain sports. PPE is required for kids and teens in most states, but even if it is not required, doctors still recommend sports physicals.

Goals and objectives

The goals of sports physical exams can be summed up as follows: determine that the kid has general good health, detect conditions that put the kid at risk of new injuries, assess his or her current fitness level, and evaluate any of the kid’s existing injuries. PPE also assesses the developmental maturation and size of the kid, detect any congenital anomaly that increases his or her risk of injury, and detects poor preparticipation conditions that may put the kid at increased risk.

Key features

According to the American Heart Association, wherever a sports physical is done, it should include a full medical history and physical exam with a blood pressure check. Another key feature of preparticipation evaluation is precordial auscultation (or listening to the heart) in the standing and supine (laying down) positions.

Importance of a sports physical

A sports physical exam can help parents in finding out about and dealing with health issues that might get in the way with their kids’ participation in sports. For example, if your kid has frequent asthma attacks but is into track and field, your doctor might prescribe him or her a different type of inhaler so that he or she can breathe with more ease when running.

The doctor may even give good training tips and some ideas to avoid injuries. In addition, a doctor can also discover some risk factors associated with specific sports. A professional’s advice will make your kid a better and stronger athlete.

Where

Some sports physicals are done in schools. During the physical exam, your kid may go to a number of "stations" that are set up in the school gym. Each station is staffed by medical professionals who perform specific parts of the physicals. However, even if you have sports physical exams at school, it is recommended that you see your family doctor for the physical exam as well. Your doctor knows your child and his or her health history way better than anyone in a gym.

Lifesaving Health Care Screening Tests for Women

Women, while taking on more active roles in society, career and family, tend to have a lot on their mind. So much so that their attention to personal well-being may be compromised. Due to their increasing responsibilities, most women have a tendency to pass up on opportunities to take advantage of health care screening tests. Unfortunately, such tests are necessary in detecting (and preventing) potential health risks.

Below are the top five lifesaving screening tests every woman needs, as rated by WebMD.

Heart disease screening

According to the American Heart Association coronary heart disease is the largest cause of women’s deaths – about 500,000 cases every year. As much as 80% of this could be prevented by making the necessary lifestyle changes.

One way to assess your risk factors for heart disease is through screening tests for total cholesterol levels, high density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good" cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) or "bad" cholesterol, and blood fats known as triglycerides. For women over 50 years of age, it is highly recommended to have tests checking your C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, and lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] levels.

Inflammation, which may cause heart distress, is indicated by CRP. Homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood, may build up in the bloodstream, increasing the risk of heart attack. Lp(a) is a cholesterol-related risk factor that has a tendency to increase blood clotting.

Be on the lookout for extra heartbeats, chest pain, or shortness of breath. If you experience any of these symptoms, schedule for stress echocardiogram as soon as possible, to determine any significant reduction of blood flow to your heart. Always test your blood pressure as well, as high blood pressure is definitely a major factor in heart disease.

If you have are overweight, and/or have family history of diabetes, blood sugar level or other tests for diabetes are something you should not fail to take.

Pap Smear Test

Three years after becoming sexually active or by age 21, women need an annual pap test to detect any abnormal cell changes that could lead to cervical cancer. During a Pap test, a sample of cells is swabbed from the surface of the cervix and examined for abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer or the possibility of cancer occurring.

It is recommended to maintain annual testing until the age of 30. After 3 successive tests with satisfactory results, Pap smears may be done every two to three years from then on. However, women should still continue to see their gynecologist for examination regularly, at least once a year.

As a follow-up to an abnormal Pap test, women should take a human papillomavirus (HPV) test. This virus is a common sexually transmitted infection that could lead to cervical cancer. This test will help determine whether one or more high-risk types of HPV caused the abnormal Pap test result. After 30, it is recommended that the HPV test be taken, not only after abnormal pap results, but regularly, along with the annual pap tests.

Mammogram

Women aged 40 should have a mammogram (breast x-ray) every one or two years. If there is a history of breast cancer in the family, a woman should get her first mammogram 10 years before her relative was diagnosed. Unfortunately, this creates a strong psychological impact. Most women would rather not take the test than take it and find out they have breast cancer. But if the cancer is detected at an early stage, there is a 97 percent chance of being cured.

Women should also have annual palpation tests, where doctors feel for suspicious lumps. They may opt to learn how to perform this procedure properly so they can practice it at home.

Colonoscopy

Colon cancer is preventable and treatable. Colonoscopy allows a doctor to search for polyps or other unnatural growths which could eventually become cancerous. After a short process of preparation through diet and medication, the colon is cleansed, and a miniature digital camera is eased into the colon of a sedated patient. The video images are projected on an LCD screen, where the doctor can visually make observations on the interior colon walls.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that men and women with average risk of colorectal cancer should have a colonoscopy every ten years.

Skin Exam

Every woman should have their skin examined annually by a dermatologist, starting at 18 years of age. The doctor will search your body from head to toe for unusual brown or red spots.

Women should also try to do a self exam every month, checking even the scalp with a mirror. Look for new or unusual moles on your fingernails, toes and soles, and under arms. Inform your doctor of any suspicious finds.

Melanoma causes the most skin cancer deaths, and the number of cases is continually rising. Thus, it is wise to be on the lookout for usually overlooked tell-tale signs.

moking-Cessation Vaccine

n the US alone, 400,000 deaths per year are linked to tobacco use. Fortunately, there might be a solution for that in the near future.

HealthDay News reported last October 12 that the National Institute on Drug Abuse has given a $12 million grant to company in Maryland to assist it in the final phases of its research on a possible anti-nicotine vaccine.

The research

Nabi Biopharmaceuticals will begin the third phase of its study of a potential vaccine called NicVax. The study could be the last step of the research if the vaccine works. It also represents the most advanced examination of an anti-smoking vaccine e.

This anti-smoking vaccine is created to help people quit smoking and not relapse. According to the statement issue by director Dr. Nora D. Volkow, the vaccine has received "fast track" designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and has survived a successful "proof-of-concept" study.

There is however, no guarantee that study will prove that the vaccine works. It is also not clear whether it will get federal approval.

How the vaccine works

The vaccine works by making the immune system act when it detects nicotine. This is based on the theory that antibodies will bond with the nicotine molecules and prevent them from reaching the brain where they provide the high smokers want.

So far, the results are still preliminary, but they indicate that smokers who acquire high levels of antibodies in their system are most likely to quit for good. Researchers also report few side effects, and expect the vaccine to work for 6-12 months after it is administered.

Source: MSN Health

Hidden Signs That May Signal Health Risks

The body usually tries to show its conditions through a variety of signs and symptoms. Knowing what some of these physical signs are can help you become more aware of any possible health risks on your part. Aside from the more obvious ones, there are also other little known signs that may signal a possible health risk. Here are some of them.

Swelling Fingers

There might be a variety of reasons why your fingers may swell. Women going through their monthly period may also experience their fingers swelling. Too much sodium intake may also cause the same thing. But apart from those, swollen fingers may also be a sign of hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland produces insufficient amounts of hormones required by the body to regulate metabolism.

Yellow Eyelid Bumps

This tiny bumps can appear if you have high cholesterol levels. When your cholesterol is high, it can collect on the upper eyelids and form tiny, yellowish deposits. When you find this bumps increasingly appearing in your eyelids, then maybe its time for you to have your cholesterol levels checked.

Chapped Lips

Chapped lips is normally a sign of dehydration or just dry air. One way to get rid of it is by drinking lots of water or applying some lip balm. But in some cases where chapped lips seem to happen even if you drank lots of water, there might be another reason. One of them is too much vitamin A. Too much intake of vitamin A can become dehydrating causing your chapped lips. High levels of vitamin A can also be dangerous since it can lead to birth defects in pregnant women and even blurred vision among other things.

Pale Whitish Nails

Nails normally changes its color to pale when being pressed but then returns to its normal color a brief moment afterward. But prolonged pale nails that stay white long after they are pressed can be a sign that you are anemic. Lack of iron can cause this condition that can become serious if it is not discovered early on.

Protecting Against Medical Mistakes

Even medical professionals are liable to make mistakes now and then. Even if you are confined in a reputable hospital does not necessarily mean that you are already safe. It may sometimes take some vigilance on your part to make sure that you can protect yourself from certain medical mistakes. Here are some of the ways how to do it.

Always insist on cleanliness.

When staying at the hospital, you might come into contact with several health professionals who try to look into your welfare. Before they do, try to ask if they have washed their hands. Although it is standard procedure for health professionals to do so before giving medication, changing a wound dressing or removing an IV, it pays to remind them in order to make sure.

Look into the safest hospitals and health facilities in your area.

It really pays to do some bit of research on which hospitals in your area are considered to be the safest ones. You can get inputs from colleagues, relatives and friends. This way, you can have a choice to be confined to a health facility that you know will be safe and where medical mistakes may be less likely to occur.

Avoid being a distraction.

Although you try to have talks with doctors or nurses who are attending to your care, you might try to avoid becoming a distraction. Friendly chitchat may be a cause if interruption that might easily distract the hospital staff from administering your medicines or doing a sensitive procedure.

Get informed.

Try to have a good idea why certain things are being done to you while being confined at the hospital. Have a better grasp of what your doctor or the medical staff might be doing and find out the reason behind them. Try to ask the reason behind the medications being administered to you as well as the tests you have to undergo.

What Doctors Want From Patients

When doctors want to provide the best medical diagnosis to their patients and what might be ailing them, utmost cooperation between the two is needed. Many times, doctors may not be able to get all the information that they need from the tests alone and may require help from the patients themselves. Here are some of the things that doctors usually want from their patients every time they come for a visit.

Be honest.

Doctors usually want their patients to be quite honest with them. There are many patients who might try to hide something from their doctors during medical check ups out of embarrassment or shame. This action may sometimes prove serious and may greatly affect a doctor’s diagnosis. Sometimes patients will try to hide something for as long as possible and may only divulge it when it is already to late. It is often better to be quite honest with your doctor and try to tell what might be ailing you right away.

Get a second opinion from another doctor, not from relatives.

A lot of people may find it easy to believe what a relative may say about what might be ailing them. The trust can sometimes get in the way of getting into the bottom of your condition. Getting an accurate assessment of your physical condition and health should come from doctors and medical professionals and not from your mom or relative with no medical experience whatsoever.

Don’t think that you have every ailment out there.

A lot of people can easily be convinced that they may be suffering from something when they actually do not. It may come from something a relative may say or what they saw on TV atone time or another. They become so convinced that they feel they require some treatment for something that they do not actually have. It can also become quite hard for doctors to convince them that they are actually healthy.